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Proper accounting follows basic principles such as materiality, clarity, and completeness to ensure transparency and comparability. It is essential for the assessment of the economic situation by external recipients.

The initial valuation of inventories takes into account additional costs in addition to the purchase price; the subsequent valuation adjusts the value through principles such as Lifo or Fifo.

The Swiss Startups Awards 2014, supported by AXA Winterthur, Axpo, and PostFinance, awards the best Swiss business ideas with CHF 200,000. The deadline for applications is June 30, award ceremony on October 30 in Zurich.

General terms and conditions facilitate contract processing for young entrepreneurs, especially for mass services. They standardize conditions and avoid individual negotiations.

The real estate gains tax taxes the profit from property sales, with the cantons levying the tax, not the federation. A distinction is made between a monistic and dualistic system.

Hidden reserves arise when assets are valued differently in the books than in the market. Their realization occurs, for example, through sale or book value appreciation.

In the Merger Act, divisions are regulated, distinguished into divisions in which a company is dissolved, and demergers, in which parts are transferred. Division processes require a notarized division contract, approval of the general meeting, and registration in the commercial register.

The Fusion Act allows the change of legal form of companies, such as the conversion of a GmbH into an AG, without liquidation. A written plan, its review, a shareholders' resolution, public notarization, and registration in the commercial register are required for the conversion.

Receivables are generally assessed at face value, with risks such as default of payment and currency fluctuations requiring value adjustments. Value corrections are made as bad debt provisions through indirect items with a negative balance.