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An Initial Public Offering (IPO) is the first stock market launch of a company to offer shares publicly. The process involves due diligence, setting the stock price through book building, and finally trading on the stock exchange.

The trust agreement is based on contract law, where the trustee is responsible for acting diligently in the interest of the trustor. Although it is informal, a written contract is recommended for evidentiary reasons.

Listed companies must disclose regular and event-related information. This serves transparency and affects the share price.

Corporate Governance regulates the relationship between shareholders and executives and primarily protects the shareholders. In Switzerland, there is the "Swiss Code of Best Practice for Corporate Governance" and mandatory guidelines of the SIX Swiss Exchange.

Accounting separation suffices for catering establishments to claim the reduced VAT rate for meal deliveries. However, services such as take-away are subject to the standard tax rate if there are facilities for on-site consumption.

Ferrero Schweiz AG had to make substantial back tax payments because it mistakenly applied the reduced VAT rate when importing Kinder Surprise eggs. According to the Federal Court, the product consists of three parts, which is why the normal tax rate of 7.7% applies.

To simplify the complex individual valuation of inventories, there are methods such as FIFO, LIFO, and the average cost method, which yield different financial results. FIFO values based on the oldest costs, LIFO on the most recent costs, and the average method based on an average of the acquisition costs.

The indirect partial liquidation is the prohibited sale of a company with non-operational assets for tax base reduction. It is treated as taxable capital income, not as tax-free capital gain.

Art. 127 BV sets the basic principles of taxation, including tax design and collection principles. It also prevents inter-cantonal double taxation and clearly regulates tax obligations.