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Mezzanine financing combines characteristics of debt and equity, often used in startups due to risk sharing and profit participation. Profit participation loans and convertible loans are common forms, with advantages such as long-term capital provision without direct voting rights.

The Corporate Tax Reform III in Switzerland was rejected with 59.1%, although it was supported by the Federal Council and the cantons. The rejection could have serious consequences for the financial center, especially Zurich.

The Swiss Corporate Tax Reform III envisages the equal taxation of domestic and foreign profits to comply with EU and OECD standards. A vote on this will take place on February 12, 2017, accompanied by criticism regarding the relief for large companies.

The article explains how to calculate the liquidity ratios Cash Ratio, Quick Ratio, and Current Ratio in order to assess a company's solvency. These ratios help to understand to what extent a company is capable of covering short-term liabilities with its liquid assets and current assets.

Cost center accounting allocates indirect overhead costs appropriately to cost centers and subsequently calculates surcharge rates. It serves for cost control and management within a company.

Cost type accounting provides important data for further phases of accounting by classifying costs by type, function, and allocation. It divides costs into material, personnel, capital, and procurement costs, as well as by behavior during fluctuations in employment levels.

Financial accounting (FIBU) records business transactions, balances assets, and calculates success, and is governed by legal guidelines. Management accounting (BEBU) is internally oriented, analyzes costs and performance of products without legal obligation.

ISO 20022 harmonizes global financial messaging, improves communication between banks, and introduces uniform standards in Switzerland. By 2020, all changes will be implemented, with Switzerland adapting its financial processes to SEPA and introducing new systems.

Legal special audits such as contributions in kind, capital increase, and capital reduction are essential for corporate structure transactions and protect the rights and claims of the participants. These audits must be conducted by licensed auditors to confirm legality and value statements.