Accounting

The leverage effect enhances the return on equity through borrowing; this can increase both profits and losses. When applied correctly, it can be profitable, but it carries risks with market changes.

The capital structure of a company, the ratio of equity to debt, is central to its success and influenced by various factors such as costs and interests of the capital providers. A balanced structure allows for flexibility and takes into account the different requirements of equity and debt providers.

The company value is central to sales negotiations, but is significantly influenced by subjective factors. Sales price and company value often differ, depending on the type of buyer.

The company value is central to sales negotiations and can be determined using methods such as discounted cash flow and the multiplier approach. The latter uses comparative data from similar companies and is especially suitable for plausibility checks.

The liquidation value of a company is determined by valuing all assets minus debts and costs, used when other methods show lower values. It serves as the minimum value for sales decisions.

The income approach calculates the company value based on future, adjusted operating profits. It discounts these profits with the risk-adjusted cost of equity.

The company value is central in sales negotiations and can be determined using various methods such as the Discounted Cash Flow. This DCF method is based on discounted future earnings and requires extensive data analysis.

Shareholder loans can be used as a means of corporate restructuring, with profit-effective waivers of claims representing restructuring gains. For tax purposes, they are treated as non-profit-effective if it is hidden equity or if granted during poor business performance.

The Federal Court confirmed that a farm qualifies as a hobby rather than an independent economic activity without profit-seeking intentions from 2011 onwards. A deferral of taxes when transferring business assets to private assets was rejected because an incorrect legal basis was cited.